The four movements of the Modernist Factions contains the De Stijl in Holland by artists such as Piet Mondrian, Gerrit Rietveld, JJP Oud; Germany Bauhaus by Meyer, Walter Gropius, Josef Albers, Mies van der Rohe; Purism in France by Le Corbusier and Amedee Ozenfant; the constructivism in Russia by Vladimir Tatlin, Leonidor, Kazimir Malevich and Vkhutemas.
In the first movement - De Stijl, a style founded in the Netherlands was used to refer to a body of work from 1917 to 1931. The style express a new ideal of spiritual harmony and order, it was positioned on the fundamental principle of the geometry of the straight line and square and the natural forms and colour. They suggested pure abstraction and reduction to the essential of form and colour. The main idea was they simplified the visual compositions to only having the vertical and horizontal directions, and also only using primary colours along with black and white. With Piet Mondrian, he used only red, yellow and blue along with black and white The principle is a relationship between strong asymmetricality and the positive and negative elements in an arrangement o non-objective forms and lines.
The principle applies in painting and also architecture. In many three-dimensional works, vertical and horizontal lines are positioned in layers of planes, where the lines do not intersect, where allowing each part element to appear independently and not to be disturbed by other elements. These features are shown with the Red and Blue chair designed by Gerrit Rietveld in 1917.
The De Stijl was influenced greatly by Cubism painting, where ideas of geometric forms and layering of forregrond and background also the mathematical calculation.
