Some architect’s works with plan, some works with section drawing, these are the two groups that can divide designer work into. Mies van der Rohe works with the plan. The famous Barcelona Pavilion built in 1929 got famous due to the reason Mies had to design the Pavilion in less than a year, and it was took down afterwards, only the photographs was left. However, the concept and the design of the building interested the world of architecture, where a rebuild was decided, rebuilding the whole building in Barcelona where the present one is actually a copy of the original.
Mies adjusted the classical vertical central line design, where there is always one central vertical straight line and all other elements of the building follows it. In the Barcelona Pavilion, Mies have turned the vertical line 90 degree, much more emphasised the horizontal lines instead. In his drawing of the interior, the line in the middle showing the column but in a really pale colour and line, suggested the idea of thin column support the whole structure, not reality to the construction. The almost disappear wall at the back suggested the idea of a total open space. The two side of the drawing also showed the very careful and delicate marble and glass, giving the texture of the interior where the whole building is carefully chosen and filled with different delicate material, each part of the building used different material for the result, even there are 4 or more different glass used in the building. The long extending wall act like a magic piece in the building, it look as it is a freestanding wall by itself and definitely not for supporting the roof structure at the top. But this is where Mies played with his design, he emphasised the visual angle of the space, giving the maximum open view.
Le Corbusier born in 1887 was a Swiss-French architect, designe domino systemr, urbanist, writer and also a painter. He studies the modern high design and was specific in designing better living for residents of crowed cities. He was interested in new technical inventions and construction material. He invented the domino system, where stand for ‘domestic’ ‘innovation’, the principle combined the meaning of the two words and together with the domino game. He created the ‘Dom-ino’ House in 1914-1915 where he examined the new structural and material possibilities in architecture The house proposed with an open floor plan consisting of concrete slabs and supported by a minimal number of thin, reinforced concrete columns around the edges, with a stairway providing access to each level on one side of the floor plan. This design became the foundation for most of his architecture for the next ten-year.
Le Corbusier suggested the basis modern living in his Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau, it was described as a ‘machine for living in’ and compared to a similar description of automobiles as ‘machines for transportation’. He suggested the basis for a design for modern living as to be found in the efficiency and economy of the office rather than in the luxury and individuality of the traditional home or apartment, and relied more upon the skills of the engineer than those of the artist.
The four movements of the Modernist Factions contains the De Stijl in Holland by artists such as Piet Mondrian, Gerrit Rietveld, JJP Oud; Germany Bauhaus by Meyer, Walter Gropius, Josef Albers, Mies van der Rohe; Purism in France by Le Corbusier and Amedee Ozenfant; the constructivism in Russia by Vladimir Tatlin, Leonidor, Kazimir Malevich and Vkhutemas.
In the first movement - De Stijl, a style founded in the Netherlands was used to refer to a body of work from 1917 to 1931. The style express a new ideal of spiritual harmony and order, it was positioned on the fundamental principle of the geometry of the straight line and square and the natural forms and colour. They suggested pure abstraction and reduction to the essential of form and colour. The main idea was they simplified the visual compositions to only having the vertical and horizontal directions, and also only using primary colours along with black and white. With Piet Mondrian, he used only red, yellow and blue along with black and white The principle is a relationship between strong asymmetricality and the positive and negative elements in an arrangement o non-objective forms and lines.
The principle applies in painting and also architecture. In many three-dimensional works, vertical and horizontal lines are positioned in layers of planes, where the lines do not intersect, where allowing each part element to appear independently and not to be disturbed by other elements. These features are shown with the Red and Blue chair designed by Gerrit Rietveld in 1917.
The De Stijl was influenced greatly by Cubism painting, where ideas of geometric forms and layering of forregrond and background also the mathematical calculation.
